A Meta-Study on Smart Coatings with Carbon Nanoparticles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22105/jeee.v2i1.43Keywords:
Smart coatings, Polymer nano-composite, Carbon nano-particles, Deicing, Self-heatingAbstract
Smart coatings that are rooted on polymer matrices are usually doped with carbon nanoparticles such as graphene or carbon nano-tubes and are being widely researched. Information was gathered from over 74 articles that focused on the smart coatings of polymer doped with carbon nano-particles databases such as ResearchGate, Academia, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore. Articles were filtered by keywords including ‘smart coatings’, ‘polymer nano-composite’, ‘carbon nano-particles’, ‘deicing’, and ‘self-heating’ to identify scientific articles relevant to this present research on smart coatings and carbon nano-particles. From the meta-study, it was revealed that in organic coatings, carbon nano-fillers frequently increase performance by improving corrosion resistance, barrier properties, hardness, and wear strength. Additionally, the identified composites represent a new class of protective organic coatings capable of autonomously responding to environmental stimuli or damage. Through the investigation, it was understood that polymer coatings are new functionalities that are added by carbon nano-particles and, as a result of the formation of a percolation network, the majority of which are connected to the nanocomposites, increased electrical conductivity. Based on the fluctuation of their electrical resistance, these coatings can be employed as strain sensors and gauges (Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)). Additionally, they perform the task of self-heaters by applying electrical power connected with resistive heating via the Joule effect. This brings up new opportunities, notably for deicing and defogging coatings. The lotus effect is used to develop micro- and nano-scaled hierarchical surfaces for superhydrophobic and self-cleaning coatings. Surface damage can be repaired by coatings having a self-healing polymer matrix.
References
Pham, V. P., Jang, H. S., Whang, D., & Choi, J. Y. (2017). Direct growth of graphene on rigid and flexible substrates: progress, applications, and challenges. Chemical society reviews, 46(20), 6276–6300. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00224f
Pham, V. P., Nguyen, M. T., Park, J. W., Kwak, S. S., Nguyen, D. H. T., Mun, M. K., … & Yeom, G. Y. (2017). Chlorine-trapped CVD bilayer graphene for resistive pressure sensor with high detection limit and high sensitivity. 2D materials, 4(2), 25049. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aa6390
Pham, P. V. (2018). A library of doped-graphene images via transmission electron microscopy. C, 4(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/c4020034
Pham, P. V. (2018). Hexagon flower quantum dot-like Cu pattern formation during low-pressure chemical vapor deposited graphene growth on a liquid Cu/W substrate. ACS omega, 3(7), 8036–8041. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00985
Pham, V. P., Jo, Y. W., Oh, J. S., Kim, S. M., Park, J. W., Kim, S. H., … & Yeom, G. Y. (2013). Effect of plasma-nitric acid treatment on the electrical conductivity of flexible transparent conductive films. Japanese journal of applied physics, 52(7 PART 1), 75102. https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.52.075102
Zhang, C. H., Huang, C. H., & Liu, W. R. (2019). Structural design of three-dimensional graphene/nano filler (Al2O3, BN, or TiO2) resins and their application to electrically conductive adhesives. Polymers, 11(10), 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101713
Zhang, W., Ma, G. J., & Wu, C. W. (2014). Anti-friction, wear-proof and self-lubrication application of carbon nanotubes. Reviews on advanced materials science, 36(1), 75–88. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wei-Zhang-372/publication/273442870_Anti-friction_wear-proof_and_self-lubrication_application_of_carbon_nanotubes/links/56b542b908ae3c1b79ab22bb/Anti-friction-wear-proof-and-self-lubrication-application-of-carbon-nanot
Ayatollahi, M. R., Doagou-Rad, S., & Shadlou, S. (2012). Nano-/microscale investigation of tribological and mechanical properties of epoxy/MWNT nanocomposites. Macromolecular materials and engineering, 297(7), 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201100271
Othman, N. H., Che Ismail, M., Mustapha, M., Sallih, N., Kee, K. E., & Ahmad Jaal, R. (2019). Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites as barrier coatings for corrosion protection. Progress in organic coatings, 135, 82–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.05.030
Song, J., Yu, Z., Gordin, M. L., Li, X., Peng, H., & Wang, D. (2015). Advanced sodium ion battery anode constructed via chemical bonding between phosphorus, carbon nanotube, and cross-linked polymer binder. ACS nano, 9(12), 11933–11941. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b04474
Wang, C., Tang, F., Li, Q., Zhang, Y., & Wang, X. (2017). Spray-coated superhydrophobic surfaces with wear-resistance, drag-reduction and anti-corrosion properties. Colloids and surfaces A: physicochemical and engineering aspects, 514, 236–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.11.059
Liu, D., Zhao, W., Liu, S., Cen, Q., & Xue, Q. (2016). Comparative tribological and corrosion resistance properties of epoxy composite coatings reinforced with functionalized fullerene C60 and graphene. Surface and coatings technology, 286, 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.12.056
Chen, Y., Tian, M., Li, X., Wang, Y., An, A. K., Fang, J., & He, T. (2017). Anti-wetting behavior of negatively charged superhydrophobic PVDF membranes in direct contact membrane distillation of emulsified wastewaters. Journal of membrane science, 535, 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.040
Kim, Y., Jung, K., Chang, J., Kwak, T., Lim, Y., Kim, S., … & Kang, T. (2019). Active surface hydrophobicity switching and dynamic interfacial trapping of microbial cells by metal nanoparticles for preconcentration and in-plane optical detection. Nano letters, 19(10), 7449–7456. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03163
Balandin, A. A. (2011). Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials. Nature materials, 10(8), 569–581. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3064
Naveen Kumar, G., Naga Durga Rao, G., Durga Prasad, J., Avinash kumar, K., & Eswara Manikanta, J. (2023). Hybrid polymer nano fillers on mechanical properties for current applications: An overview. Materials today: proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.505
Kumar, K., Biswas, P. K., & Dhang, N. (2020). Time series-based SHM using PCA with application to ASCE benchmark structure. Journal of civil structural health monitoring, 10(5), 899–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-020-00423-2
Li, Z., Young, R. J., Backes, C., Zhao, W., Zhang, X., Zhukov, A. A., … & Coleman, J. N. (2020). Mechanisms of liquid-phase exfoliation for the production of graphene. ACS nano, 14(9), 10976–10985. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c03916
Bauhofer, W., & Kovacs, J. Z. (2009). A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites. Composites science and technology, 69(10), 1486–1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.018
Simmons, J. G. (1963). Generalized Formula for the electric tunnel effect between similar electrodes separated by a thin insulating film. Journal of applied physics, 34(6), 1793–1803. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1729774
Yu, Y., Shu, Y., & Ye, L. (2018). In situ crosslinking of poly (vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide-glutamic acid nano-composite hydrogel as microbial carrier: intercalation structure and its wastewater treatment performance. Chemical engineering journal, 336, 306–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.038
Lu, Y., Xu, K., Zhang, L., Deguchi, M., Shishido, H., Arie, T., … & Takei, K. (2020). Multimodal plant healthcare flexible sensor system. ACS nano, 14(9), 10966–10975. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c03757
Xu, X., Fan, P., Ren, J., Cheng, Y., Ren, J., Zhao, J., & Song, R. (2018). Self-healing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) /multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) blend as shape-memory composites. Composites science and technology, 168, 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.10.003
Zhao, J., Jiang, N., Zhang, D., He, B., & Chen, X. (2020). Study on optimization of damping performance and damping temperature range of silicone rubber by polyborosiloxane gel. Polymers, 12(5), 1196. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM12051196
Liu, C., Chen, H., Wang, S., Liu, Q., Jiang, Y. G., Zhang, D. W., … & Zhou, P. (2020). Two-dimensional materials for next-generation computing technologies. Nature nanotechnology, 15(7), 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0724-3
Jones, S. M., Rehfeld, N., Schreiner, C., & Dyer, K. (2023). The development of a novel thin film test method to evaluate the rain erosion resistance of polyaspartate-based leading edge protection coatings. Coatings, 13(11), 1849. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111849
Park, H. K., Kim, S. M., Lee, J. S., Park, J. H., Hong, Y. K., Hong, C. H., & Kim, K. K. (2015). Flexible plane heater: graphite and carbon nanotube hybrid nanocomposite. Synthetic metals, 203, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.02.015
Jeong, Y. G., & An, J. E. (2014). UV-cured epoxy/graphene nanocomposite films: preparation, structure and electric heating performance. Polymer international, 63(11), 1895–1901. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.4713
Dorigato, A., Moretti, V., Dul, S., Unterberger, S. H., & Pegoretti, A. (2017). Electrically conductive nanocomposites for fused deposition modelling. Synthetic metals, 226, 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2017.01.009
Chu, K., Kim, D., Sohn, Y., Lee, S., Moon, C., & Park, S. (2013). Electrical and thermal properties of carbon-nanotube composite for flexible electric heating-unit applications. IEEE electron device letters, 34(5), 668–670. https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2013.2249493
Yu, A., Ramesh, P., Itkis, M. E., Bekyarova, E., & Haddon, R. C. (2007). Graphite nanoplatelet-epoxy composite thermal interface materials. Journal of physical chemistry c, 111(21), 7565–7569. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp071761s
Zakaria, M. R., Abdul Kudus, M. H., Md. Akil, H., & Mohd Thirmizir, M. Z. (2017). Comparative study of graphene nanoparticle and multiwall carbon nanotube filled epoxy nanocomposites based on mechanical, thermal and dielectric properties. Composites part B: engineering, 119, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.03.023
Han, Z., & Fina, A. (2011). Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites: A review. Progress in polymer science, 36(7), 914–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.11.004
Chu, K., Jia, C., & Li, W. (2012). Effective thermal conductivity of graphene-based composites. Applied physics letters, 101(12). https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article-abstract/101/12/121916/127239/Effective-thermal-conductivity-of-graphene-based?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Prolongo, S. G., Moriche, R., Del Rosario, G., Jiménez-Suárez, A., Prolongo, M. G., & Ureña, A. (2016). Joule effect self-heating of epoxy composites reinforced with graphitic nanofillers. Journal of polymer research, 23(9), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-016-1092-4
Braff, M. B., Gregorek, G. M., & Lee, J. D. (1986). Airfoil aerodynamics in icing conditions. Journal of aircraft, 23(1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45269
Dalili, N., Edrisy, A., & Carriveau, R. (2009). A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 13(2), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.11.009
Parent, O., & Ilinca, A. (2011). Anti-icing and de-icing techniques for wind turbines: critical review. Cold regions science and technology, 65(1), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.01.005
Cao, L., Jones, A. K., Sikka, V. K., Wu, J., & Gao, D. (2009). Anti-icing superhydrophobic coatings. Langmuir, 25(21), 12444–12448. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/la902882b
Redondo, O., Prolongo, S. G., Campo, M., Sbarufatti, C., & Giglio, M. (2018). Anti-icing and de-icing coatings based Joule’s heating of graphene nanoplatelets. Composites science and technology, 164, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.031
Jang, S. H., & Park, Y. L. (2018). Carbon nanotube-reinforced smart composites for sensing freezing temperature and deicing by self-heating. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology, 8, 1847980418776473. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847980418776473
Mas, B., Fernández-Blázquez, J. P., Duval, J., Bunyan, H., & Vilatela, J. J. (2013). Thermoset curing through Joule heating of nanocarbons for composite manufacture, repair and soldering. Carbon, 63, 523–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.07.029
Jang, S. H., Kim, D., & Park, Y. L. (2018). Accelerated curing and enhanced material properties of conductive polymer nanocomposites by Joule Heating. Materials, 11(9), 1775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091775
Xia, T., Zeng, D., Li, Z., Young, R. J., Vallés, C., & Kinloch, I. A. (2018). Electrically conductive GNP/epoxy composites for out-of-autoclave thermoset curing through Joule heating. Composites science and technology, 164, 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.053
Willocq, B., Bose, R. K., Khelifa, F., Garcia, S. J., Dubois, P., & Raquez, J. M. (2016). Healing by the Joule effect of electrically conductive poly(ester-urethane)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Journal of materials chemistry a, 4(11), 4089–4097. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09793b
Huang, L., Yi, N., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Huang, Y., … & Chen, Y. (2013). Multichannel and repeatable self-healing of mechanical enhanced graphene-thermoplastic polyurethane composites. Advanced materials, 25(15), 2224–2228. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201204768
Cao, L., Hou, Y., Lafdi, K., & Urmey, K. (2015). Fluorescent composite scaffolds made of nanodiamonds/polycaprolactone. Chemical physics letters, 641, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2015.10.037
Zhang, Z. X., Wang, W. Y., Yang, J. H., Zhang, N., Huang, T., & Wang, Y. (2016). Excellent electroactive shape memory performance of EVA/PCL/CNT blend composites with selectively localized CNTs. Journal of physical chemistry C, 120(40), 22793–22802. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06345
Chen, J., Han, J., & Xu, D. (2019). Thermal and electrical properties of the epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with purified carbon nanotubes. Materials letters, 246, 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.03.037
Zhang, P., Wang, F., Qin, Y., & Wang, N. (2020). Exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets/gold nanoparticles/spherical montmorillonite ternary porous heterostructures for the degradation of organic dyes. ACS applied nano materials, 3(8), 7847–7857. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c01355